夏天到了，爱美的女士们又要起始多多地涂防晒霜了，由于大众都晓得，防晒霜能够防黑抗衰老。
然而，据CNN报告，美国食品和药品管理局近期开展的一项科研发掘，防晒霜中的有些成份会在运用一天后就进入血液，并在人身体滞留24个小时以上。
这些成份会不会给健康导致害处呢？
It took just one day of use for several common sunscreen ingredients to enter the bloodstream at levels high enough to trigger a government safety investigation, according to a pilot study conducted by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, an arm of the US Food and Drug Administration.
按照美国食品和药品管理局下属的药物评估和科研中心开展的一项初步科研，防晒霜中的几种平常成份在涂抹一天后就会进入血液，且浓度高到足以起步政府安全调查。
The study, published Monday in the medical journal JAMA, also found that the blood concentration of three of the ingredients continued to rise as daily use continued and then remained in the body for at least 24 hours after sunscreen use ended.
5月6日发布在医学期刊《美国医学会杂志》的这项科研发掘，三种防晒霜成份在血液中的浓度在平常运用后连续增多，况且在停止运用防晒霜后，这些成份在人身体最少会滞留24个小时。
The four chemicals studied -- avobenzone, oxybenzone, ecamsule and octocrylene -- are part of a dozen that the FDA recently said needed to be researched by manufacturers before they could be considered "generally regarded as safe and effective."
科研中触及的四种防晒霜成份——阿伏苯宗、氧苯酮、依茨舒、奥克立林是食品和药品管理局近期需求制造商调查的12种化学成份中的一部分，以确定它们是不是“广泛安全有效”。
In the United States, sunscreens were originally approved as an over-the-counter solution to sunburn. They came in two types: one using chemical combos to filter the sun, the other using minerals to block the sun such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, which leave a telltale white coating. With many people not wanting to sport a white tint, the popularity of the chemical sunscreens soared.
在美国，防晒霜本来是针对晒伤开出的非处方药。防晒霜分为两种：一种是用化合物来过滤阳光，另一种是用二氧化钛或氧化锌等矿物质来阻隔阳光，矿物质防晒霜会在皮肤上留下一层白色涂层。由于许多人都不爱好把皮肤抹得白白的，因此化合物防晒霜变得更加受欢迎。
over-the-counter: adj. 非处方的
telltale[tɛltel]:adj. 泄密的
Because of the way they were used at the time, there wasnt a lot of concern about a potential health impact. But that soon changed, and the FDA began to ask the industry for safety testing, said David Andrews, senior scientist at the EWG.
环境工作组的资深专家戴维·安德鲁斯说，因为当时防晒霜的运用方式，人们并不担心防晒霜的潜在健康影响。不外状况火速就出现了改变，因此呢食品和药品管理局起始需求防晒霜产业进行安全检测。
"They were originally used in small quantities to prevent sunburn on vacation," Andrews said. "Now they recommend applying these every day, applying them to large parts of your body. And the FDA began raising concerns."
安德鲁斯说：“本来人们只是在度假的时候少量运用防晒霜，以防止被晒伤。但此刻商家意见人们每日都运用防晒霜，并在身体上大面积地涂抹。因此呢食品和药品管理局起始提醒人们重视。”
The new FDA study enrolled 24 healthy volunteers who were randomly assigned to a spray or lotion sunscreen that contained avobenzone, oxybenzone or octocrylene as ingredients or a crème sunscreen that contained the chemical ecamsule.
食品和药品管理局的这项新科研招募了24名健康的志愿者，随机让她们运用含有阿伏苯宗、氧苯酮或奥克立林的防晒喷雾或防晒乳液，或运用含有依茨舒的防晒霜。
The volunteers were asked to put their assigned sunscreen on 75% of their bodies four times each day for four days. Thirty blood samples were taken from each volunteer over seven days.
志愿者被需求将指定的防晒霜涂在身体四分之三的皮肤上，每日涂四次，连续涂四天。在七天时间内，科研人员从每名志愿者身上抽取30份血样。
Of the six people using the ecamsule cream, five had levels of the chemical in their blood considered statistically significant by the end of day one. For the other three chemicals, especially oxybenzone, all of the volunteers showed significant levels after the first day.
运用含有依茨舒的防晒霜的6个人其中，有5个人的血液中所含的化学成份在运用一天后明显增多。至于其他三种化学成份，尤其是氧苯酮，所有志愿者在运用一天后血液中的化学成份明显增多。
"Looking through the results tables of the study, one thing about oxybenzone stood out," Andrews said. "Oxybenzone was absorbed into the body at about 50 to 100 times higher concentration than any of these other three chemicals they tested."
安德鲁斯说：“科研结果表示，氧苯酮被人体吸收的浓度比测试的其他三种化合物中的任何一种高出50到100倍。”
In 2008, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention analyzed urine samples collected by a government study and found oxybenzone in 97% of the samples. Since then, studies have shown a potential link between oxybenzone and lower testosterone levels in adolescent boys, hormone changes in men, and shorter pregnancies and disrupted birth weights in babies.
2008年，美国疾患掌控和预防中心分析了一项政府科研中收集的尿样，并在97%的尿样中发掘了氧苯酮。之后的科研表示出氧苯酮和青春期男孩的睾酮浓度偏低、男性荷尔蒙变化、孕期缩短和婴儿出生体重不正常有潜在联系。
Of all of the sunscreen ingredients, oxybenzone is known to be the most common cause of contact allergies; a 10-year study found that 70% of people had a positive patch test when exposed.
在所有防晒霜成份中，氧苯酮是接触性过敏的最平常诱因。长达十年的科研发掘，70%的人接触氧苯酮后在过敏源测试中结果呈阳性。
A Swiss study found oxybenzone or one of four other sunscreen chemicals in 85% of breast milk samples, sparking concern that newborns could be exposed.
瑞士的一项科研发掘，85%的母乳样本中含有氧苯酮或其他四种防晒霜化合物的其中一种，这让人们担忧新生儿可能亦吸收了这些物质。
And Hawaii, the Pacific nation of Palau and Key West recently banned sunscreens containing oxybenzone and octinoxate because they cause coral bleaching and are dangerous to marine ecosystems.
另外，夏威夷、太平洋岛国帕劳和基维斯特近期都禁止运用含有氧苯酮和桂皮酸盐的防晒霜，由于这些成份引起珊瑚白化，危及海洋生态系统。
coral bleaching:珊瑚白化
So, should you stop using sunscreen? Absolutely not, experts say.
那样你是不是应该停用防晒霜呢？专家说，绝对不行。
"The sun is the real enemy here," said Scott Faber, senior vice president for government affairs at the Environmental Working Group, or EWG, an advocacy group that publishes a yearly guide on sunscreens.
环境工作组的政府事务高级副总裁斯科特·法伯说：“烈日才是真正的敌人。”环境工作组是一个宣传组织，每年都会发布关于防晒霜的指南。
"Its not news that things that you put on your skin are absorbed into the body," Faber said. "This study is the FDAs way of showing sunscreen manufacturers they need to do the studies to see if chemical absorption poses health risks."
法伯说：“涂在皮肤上的东西会被人体吸收，这并不是资讯。这项科研是食品和药品管理局在告诉防晒霜制造商，她们需要经过科研来确定这些被人体吸收的化学物质会不会对健康导致害处。”
"Its important for consumers to know that for the purpose of this study, sunscreens were applied to 75% of the body, four times per day for four days -- which is twice the amount that would be applied in what the scientific community considers real-world conditions," said Alex Kowcz, chief scientist for The Personal Care Products Council.
个人护理制品委员会的首席专家艾利克斯·考茨说：“消费者要晓得，科研中防晒霜的运用量——涂抹四分之三的身体面积、每日四次、连涂四天——科学界认为这是现实世界中人们运用量的两倍。”
The council was concerned, she said, that the FDAs study might confuse consumers and discourage the use of sunscreen.
她说，委员会担心，食品和药品管理局的这项科研会让消费者感到困惑，从而让人们停止运用防晒霜。
When going outside, the American Academy of Dermatology recommends applying at least 1 ounce of sunscreen to all exposed skin every two hours or after swimming, including "back, neck, face, ears, tops of your feet and legs. If you have thinning hair, either apply sunscreen to your scalp or wear a wide-brimmed hat. To protect your lips, apply a lip balm with a SPF of at least 15," the academy says, adding that since UV rays are always present, sunscreen should be applied to exposed skin even on cloudy days and in the winter.
美国皮肤科学会意见，外出时每隔两小时或游泳后要在露出的皮肤上涂抹最少1盎司防晒霜，包含“背部、脖颈、面部、耳朵、脚背和双腿。倘若你头发稀疏，应在头皮上涂防晒霜或戴宽檐帽。为了守护嘴唇，应涂抹防晒指数最少15的润唇膏”。学会还弥补说，紫外线无处不在，即使在阴天和冬天亦应该在露出的皮肤上涂防晒霜。
There are ways to protect yourself and your family other than sunscreen. Seek shade, especially between 10 am and 2 pm. when the sun is at its hottest, and whenever your shadow is shorter than you. Use protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts and pants and a hat with a wide brim, and dont forget the sunglasses.
除了防晒霜以外，还有其他办法能够守护你和你家人的皮肤。当太阳最毒的时候，尤其是在上午10点到下午2点之间，或影子比你短的时候，要到阴凉处躲避阳光。穿防护衣，例如长袖衬衫、长裤或宽檐帽，别忘了还有太阳镜。
"Its seeking shade, using clothes and when necessary using sunscreen," Andrews said, "but not using sunscreen to prolong your time in the sun."
安德鲁斯说：“寻找阴凉处、穿长袖，必要的时候用防晒霜，而不是用防晒霜来延长你在烈日下的时间。”
声明：转载此文是出于传递更加多信息之目的。若有源自标注错误或侵犯了您的合法权益，请作者持权属证明与本网联系，咱们将即时更正、删除，谢谢。
